Breathless
BREATHLESS: FRENCH NEW WAVE TURNS 50
In October 1957, the expression ‘Nouvelle Vague’ or 'New Wave' was coined by journalist Françoise Giroud in an article in L'Express which dissected the state of French youth. The term’s broad application to a burgeoning generation of filmmakers came after the Cannes International Film Festival of 1959, where there was an outpouring of interest in a new wave of young directors. That year at Cannes, François Truffaut’s The 400 Blows won Best Director. Truffaut had first given voice to his generation’s dissatisfaction with tired cinematic formulas in an article entitled ‘Un certain tendance du cinéma Français’, published in the Cahiers du Cinéma in 1954, where he presented a polemical attack on the tradition of ‘quality’ French cinema. The Cahiers du Cinéma, established in 1951, published critical writing by key figures who would become associated with the Nouvelle Vague — notably Jean-Luc Godard, François Truffaut, Claude Chabrol, Eric Rohmer and Jacques Rivette. The journal promoted the idea of the director as auteur, whose mise en scène more than a film’s screenplay creates the work, or the ‘truth’ of the film. The influential Cahiers du Cinéma critics and directors have dominated the histories of the Nouvelle Vague, but their films and writings tell only part of the story of this prolific period of renewal. Many others made films in a new wave spirit, and the Nouvelle Vague paralleled the output of artists working in other media in their responses to a volatile political context that included wars in Indochina and Algeria as well as the rise of the mass student protests of May ’68.
The outpouring of experimentation began with cheaply produced short films: Jacques Rivette's Le Coup du Berger 1956, Jean-Luc Godard's All the Boys Are Called Patrick 1958 and Charlotte and Her Jules 1958, Truffaut's The Misfits 1957, Truffaut and Godard's A Story of Water 1958, Agnès Varda's L'Opéra-Mouffe 1958, Alain Resnais’s Night and Fog 1955. The first feature-length films by these directors also ran against the grain of ‘quality’ French cinema — from Varda's anticipation of New Wave methods and styles in The Short Point 1954 to Rivette's Paris Belongs to Us 1958; and in 1959 a critical mass of films drew popular and critical attention with the likes of Godard’s Breathless, Truffaut's The 400 Blows and Resnais’s Hiroshima Mon Amour. New lightweight camera equipment, trialled by Jean Rouch in Moi, un Noir, allowed cinematographer Raoul Coutard to nimbly mirror Godard's characters in Breathless; new high-speed film stock made possible location shooting with single-source and natural light. Lightweight high-quality synchronised sound became available for the first time with the release of the Nagra 3 sound recorder in 1958 and was taken up by Jean Rouch in Chronicle of a Summer 1960–61, then quickly adopted by Godard for My Life to Live 1962.
Presented with the generous support of the French Embassy in Australia, Breathless: French New Wave Turns 50, includes films by Claude Chabrol, Jacques Demy, Jean-Luc Godard, Louis Malle, Chris Marker, Alain Resnais, Jacques Rivette, Eric Rohmer, Jean Rouch, François Truffaut, Agnès Varda and many others. The program features rare or 'impossible to see' films, many presented with live subtitling; recently restored prints, notably Jacques Rivette's magnum opus Out 1: Noli me Tangere 1971, as well as Chris Marker's Description of a Struggle 1960; and provides the opportunity to enjoy on the big screen the great classics of the New Wave with much-loved Nouvelle Vague stars such as Jean-Paul Belmondo, Gérard Blain, Jean-Claude Brialy, Alain Delon, Anna Karina, Bernadette Lafont, Jean-Pierre Léaud, Anne-Marie Miéville, Jean Seberg.
The cinema of May ’68 is featured in an associated program curated by Adrian Martin (Rouge, Monash University) which brings together films from before, during and after the events. In New Wave Paris: Paris Vu Par, Gilles Rousseau (Forum des Images, Paris) showcases the strong relationship between the Nouvelle Vague and the streets of Paris, a primary location for so many iconic films of the period. Over the last decade in France an explosion of young filmmakers has been dubbed the New New Wave; Joe Hardwick (University of Queensland) presents a selection of powerful films from these young filmmakers who have again marked their generation.
PHILLIPE DE BROCA (1933–2004) et al.
PHILLIPE DE BROCA (1933–2004) et al.
The Seven Deadly Sins (Les Sept Péchés Capitaux) 1962 Ages 15+
35MM, 113 MINS, B. & W., MONO, ITALY/FRANCE, FRENCH, SUBTITLED / P DE BROCA, C CHABROL, J DEMY, S DHOMME, M DOUY, J-L GODARD, E IONESCO, E MOLINARO, R VADIM / PRINT SOURCE: NATIONAL FILM AND SOUND ARCHIVE, CANBERRA
Nine directors contributed to this playful New Wave omnibus film of seven shorts, each about a deadly sin — anger, envy, gluttony, lust, laziness, pride, and greed.
Thu 4 Oct 12 noon / Cinema A
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ALAIN CAVALIER (b.1931) Fire and Ice (Le Combat dans l’Île) 1961 Ages 15+ |
CLAUDE CHABROL (b.1930)
See New Wave Paris for The Cousins 1958, The Good Girls 1960, Wise Guys 1961.
GUY DEBORD (1933–2004)
See May ’68 for On the Passage of a Few People through a Relatively Short Period of Time 1959, Society of the Spectacle 1973, We Spin around the Night Consumed by the Fire 1978.
JACQUES DEMY (1931–1990)
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Lola 1960 Ages 15+ |
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Bay of Angels (La Baie des Anges) 1962 Ages 15+ |
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The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (Les Parapluies de Cherbourg) 1963 Ages 15+ |
JACQUES DONIOL-VALCROZE (1920–1989)
See New Wave Paris for The Overworked 1960.
The Game of Six Lovers (L’Eau à la Bouche) 1959 Ages 15+
35MM, 88 MINS, B. & W., MONO, FRANCE, FRENCH, LIVE SUBTITLING
‘In a castle in the Pyrénées Orientales, two lovers who thought themselves a modern couple find they are caught in l’amour fou. Life at the manor, with a frivolous New Wave turn. Also a song by Gainsbourg captured for posterity. Jacques Doniol-Valcroze’s first film.’ Gérard Langlois, CinémAction
Sun 11 Nov 12.30pm / Cinema A
JEAN EUSTACHE (1938–1981)
See New Wave Paris for Bad Company 1964; and May ’68 for The Mother and the Whore 1973.
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Santa Claus Has Blue Eyes (Le Père Noël a les Yeux Bleus) 1966 Ages 15+ |
GUY GILLES (1940–1996)
Love at Sea (L’Amour à la Mer) 1962–65 Ages 15+
35MM, 74 MINS, COLOUR, MONO, FRANCE, FRENCH, LIVE SUBTITLING
‘The confessions and romantic pitfalls of a young man in the period of the Algerian war and the beginnings of the New Wave. The self-portrait of a filmmaker, attached to his freedom and who knew how to reveal the beauty of Paris with an aesthetic sense of the highest order.’ Gérard Langlois, CinémAction
Thu 8 Nov 12 noon / Cinema A
JEAN-LUC GODARD (b.1930)
See New Wave Paris for A Story of Water 1958, Charlotte and Her Jules 1958, All the Boys Are Called Patrick 1958, Breathless 1959, A Woman Is a Woman 1961, Alphaville: The Strange Adventure of Lemmy Caution 1965; and May ’68 for La Chinoise 1967, Everything Is Alright 1972.
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The Little Soldier (Le Petit Soldat) 1960 Ages 18+ |
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My Life to Live (Vivre sa Vie) 1962 Ages 15+ |
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Contempt (Le Mépris) 1963 Ages 15+ 35MM, 103 MINS, COLOUR, MONO, FRANCE/ITALY, FRENCH/ENGLISH/GERMAN/ITALIAN, SUBTITLED ‘Contempt is the story of a woman who stops loving her husband because she discovers that the man is weak. To make money, he agrees to rewrite the screenplay of The Odyssey, which Fritz Lang is supposed to shoot. Lang is arguing with his American producer, Jeremie Prokosch, played by Jack Palance . . . [The] producer has his own theory about The Odyssey. He thinks that Ulysses waited so long to get back to Ithaca because he didn’t get along with his wife. Fritz Lang disagrees with this Freudian interpretation. He feels that Homer and his heroes were simple people, without any ‘modern’ complications, and that it’s important to keep The Odyssey’s purity, preserve the incomparable harmony of the ancient world.’ Jean-Luc Godard, 1963 Sat 22 Sep 2.00pm / Cinema A
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Les Carabiniers 1963 Ages 15+ |
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Band of Outsiders (Bande à Part) 1964 Ages 15+ |
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Two or Three Things I Know about Her (Deux ou Trois Choses Que Je Sais d’Elle) 1965 Ages 15+ |
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Masculin, Féminin 1965 Ages 15+ |
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Pierrot le Fou 1965 Ages 15+ |
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Made in USA 1966 Ages 15+ |
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Week-end 1967 Ages 15+ |
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Sympathy for the Devil 1968 Ages 15+ |
LOUIS MALLE (1932–1995)
See New Wave Paris for Lift to the Scaffold 1958.
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The Lovers (Les Amants) 1958 Ages 15+ |
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Zazie in the Subway (Zazie dans le Métro) 1960 Ages 15+ |
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The Fire Within (Le Feu Follet) 1963 Ages 15+ |
CHRIS MARKER (b.1921)
See May ’68 for Grin without a Cat 1977.
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Statues Also Die (Les Statues Meurent Aussi) 1953 Ages 15+ |
The Astronauts (Les Astronautes) 1959 Ages 15+
16MM, 14 MINS, B. & W., MONO, FRANCE, FRENCH, SUBTITLED / W/ WALERIAN BOROWCZYK
‘An inventor constructs a spaceship out of odd pieces of wood and newspaper; he launches it from the roof of his house after having filled it with his most treasured bric-a-brac. The inventor is a delightfully eccentric figure, a homely dreamer quite out of place in the space age; Kafka’s archetypical little man thrust into the fairytale world of outer space, reminiscent of Méliès’s Le Voyage dans la Lune. With its mixture of poetry and burlesque, this is a masterpiece of surrealist incongruity.’ Monthly Film Bulletin
Wed 7 Nov 4.30pm (with La Jetée) / Cinem A
Fri 9 Nov 6.00pm (with La Jetée) / Cinema A
Description of a Struggle (Description d’un Combat) 1960 Ages 15+
16MM, 60 MINS, COLOUR, MONO, ISRAEL/FRANCE, FRENCH, SUBTITLED
‘For this French writer-director, ex-American soldier, born in Mongolia, nothing on Earth is foreign. Following his trip to Siberia, Marker’s Palestinian film could have been called Letter from Tel Aviv . . . Marker’s aesthetic premise is based on his ability to look closely at whatever happens to fall within his field of view. He’s not looking for the unusual but takes hold of the everyday, doesn’t provoke the exceptional but waits for it patiently . . . Marker’s eye is fertile.’ Roger Tailleur, 1961
Sat 17 Nov 12 noon (with Statues Also Die) / Cinema A
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La Jetée 1962 Ages 15+ |
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The Lovely Month of May (Le Joli Mai) 1963 Ages 15+
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CHRIS MARKER et al.
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Far from Vietnam (Loin du Vietnam) 1967 Ages 15+ |
JEAN-PIERRE MELVILLE (1917–1973)
See New Wave Paris for Bob le Flambeur 1956.
JEAN-PIERRE MOCKY (b.1929)
See New Wave Paris for The Chasers 1959.
A Couple (Un Couple) 1960 Ages 15+
35MM, 85 MINS, B. & W., MONO, FRANCE, FRENCH, SUBTITLED
‘Jean-Pierre Mocky’s second film sets out to portray the futility of personal relationships, this time between a married couple who have apparently, at one time, been suited to each other. The tone is a far cry from French nihilism . . . Mocky observes his couple with talent, with genuine responsibility towards their emotions; there is both intimacy and tenderness.’ Monthly Film Bulletin, 1961
Sun 11 Nov 2.30pm / Cinema A
ALAIN RESNAIS (b.1922)
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Guernica 1950 Ages 15+
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Night and Fog (Nuit et Brouillard) 1955 Ages 15+ |
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Hiroshima Mon Amour 1959 Ages 15+ |
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Last Year at Marienbad (L’Année Dernière à Marienbad) 1961 Ages 15+ |
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Muriel, or the Time of Return (Muriel, ou le Temps d’un Retour) 1963 Ages 18+ |
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The War Is Over (La Guerre est Finie) 1966 Ages 15+ |
JACQUES RIVETTE (b.1928)
See New Wave Paris for Le Coup du Berger 1956, Paris Belongs to Us 1958; and May ’68 for Out 1: Noli me Tangere 1971.
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The Nun (La Religieuse) 1965 Ages 15+ |
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Mad Love (L’Amour Fou) 1967 Ages 15+ |
ERIC ROHMER (b.1920)
See New Wave Paris for The Sign of Leo 1959, The Baker of Monceau 1962.
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Suzanne’s Career (La Carrière de Suzanne) 1963 Ages 18+ |
Nadja à Paris 1964 Ages 18+
16MM, 13 MINS, B. & W., MONO, FRANCE, FRENCH, LIVE SUBTITLING
A young Yugoslavian–American student recounts her first impressions of Paris, particularly the bohemian lifestyle and history of the Left Bank. Nadja à Paris is the first of many film collaborations between director Eric Rohmer and cinematographer Nestor Almendros. MC
Sat 27 Oct 2.30pm (with The Baker of Monceau + Suzanne’s Career) / Cinema A
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La Collectionneuse 1967 Ages 15+ |
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My Night with Maud (Ma Nuit chez Maud) 1969 Ages 18+ |
JEAN ROUCH (1917–2004)
See New Wave Paris for The Punishment 1962, The 15 Year Old Widows 1966; and May ’68 for Dionysos 1984.
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Jaguar 1954–67 Ages 15+
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Moi, un Noir (I, a Black) 1959 Ages 15+ |
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Chronicle of a Summer (Chronique d’un Été) 1960–61 Ages 15+ |
JACQUES ROZIER (b.1926)
See New Wave Paris for The 400 Blows 1959, Antoine and Collette 1962.
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Adieu Philippine 1962 Ages 15+ |
FRANÇOIS TRUFFAUT (1932–1984)
See New Wave Paris for The 400 Blows 1959, Antoine et Collette 1962.
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The Misfits (Les Mistons) 1957 Ages 15+
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Shoot the Pianist (Tirez Sur le Pianiste) 1960 Ages 15+ |
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Jules et Jim 1962 Ages 15+ |
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The Soft Skin (La Peau Douce) 1964 Ages 15+ |
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Fahrenheit 451 1966 Ages 15+ |
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Stolen Kisses (Baisers Volés) 1968 PG |
The Short Point (La Pointe Courte) 1954 Ages 15+
35MM, 89 MINS, B. & W., MONO, FRANCE, FRENCH, SUBTITLED
Photographer Agnès Varda one-upped her New Wave contemporaries, making her first feature five years before the appearance of classics Breathless and The 400 Blows. The Short Point recounts the story of a young married couple on the point of separating. The man returns to his childhood home, a fishing village near Sète, where his wife joins him. The film bears Varda’s trademarks: simplicity, honesty and beauty at the borders of fiction and documentary. JH
Wed 5 Sep 4.00pm (with L’Opéra-Mouffe) / Cinema A
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L’Opéra-Mouffe 1958 Ages 15+ |
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The Riviera — Today’s Eden (Du Côté de la Côte) 1958 Ages 15+ |
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Salut les Cubains 1963 Ages 15+ |
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Happiness (Le Bonheur) 1964 Ages 15+ |
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Black Panthers (Huey) 1968 Ages 15+ |
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Breathless: French New Wave Turns 50 curated by Kathryn Weir (Australian Cinémathèque), with film notes compiled and written by Michelle Carey (MC), Joe Hardwick (JH) and Kathryn Weir. |









